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Hulda Jane Stumpf (10 January 1867 – 3 January 1930) was an American Christian missionary in Kenya, who was murdered in her home near the Africa Inland Mission station in Kijabe, where she worked as a secretary and administrator.〔For date of birth and middle name, Marvin J. Newell, ''A Martyr's Grace'', Moody Publishers, 2006, pp. (103–104 ); for death, (image of Stumpf's headstone ), accessed 2 October 2013.〕 Stumpf may have been killed because of the mission's opposition to female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision. Kenya's main ethnic group, the Kikuyu, regarded FGM as an important rite of passage, and there had been protests against the missionary churches in Kenya because they opposed it. The period is known within Kenyan historiography as the female circumcision controversy. Stumpf is reported to have taken a firm stand against FGM in the Kijabe Girls' Home, which she helped to run. Some apparently unusual injuries on her body suggested to the governor of Kenya at the time that, before or after smothering her, her killer(s) had genitally mutilated her, although a court concluded that there was no evidence she had been killed because of her opposition to FGM. ==Early life and education== Stumpf was born in Big Run, Pennsylvania, to J. R. Stumpf and his wife, and was raised in Indiana, Pennsylvania, one of four children. Her father owned Indiana's first five-and-dime store, located on the 700 block of Philadelphia Street. He was one of the first local people to own a steam car – in 1906 only six cars were registered in the town – and in July 1901 began using it to make deliveries to his customers.〔(Hulda Stumpf, former resident, said murdered" ), ''The Indiana Gazette'', 7 January 1930; John F. Busovicki, ''Indiana County'', Arcadia Publishing, 2003, p. 28.〕 Stumpf attended business school, then New York Music School for two years. After college she worked as a clerk and stenographer, then taught shorthand at Indiana Business College.〔Newell 2006, p. (104 ).〕 In October 1906 she applied for a position as a missionary with the Africa Inland Mission (AIM), describing herself in her first letter as "forty years of age ... and not very rugged looking," but in good health.〔Hulda Stumpf, (Letter to G.K. Sample ), 26 October 1906, courtesy of Wheaton College.〕 She wrote on the application form that she wanted to work in Africa because of an "earnest desire, believing the time to be short, when He shall appear, and the need in foreign fields seems to be great."〔Dana Lee Robert, ''American Women in Mission: A Social History of Their Thought and Practice'', Mercer University Press, 1996, p. 211.〕 In November 1906 she told the AIM that she was trying to move away from denominationalism: "There is only one form of church government, as I understand the term, and that is based upon the scriptures, and the scriptures alone, leaving out man's notion as to how a church should be governed."〔Robert 1996, p. 212, n. 57.〕 From May 1907 she studied for two months at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago in preparation for her missionary work. Her college file described her as "direct, businesslike, and kind."〔Newell 2006, p. (105 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hulda Stumpf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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